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Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and other set-theoretic methods distinguish themselves from other approaches to the study of social phenomena by using sets and the search for set relations. In virtually all social science fields, statements about social phenomena can be framed in terms of set relations, and using set-theoretic methods to investigate these statements is therefore highly valuable.

In most democratic societies, traditional media are meant to keep political powers in check but what happens when a newspaper or television channel adopts the rhetoric of a party or ideology? CEU political scientist Gabor Toka and his colleague Prof. Marina Popescu of the University of Essex analyzed data from Popescu’s online survey about standards of reporting in leading national media in Europe. To see how media bias impact citizens, they complemented their source on the former with data from the 2009 European Election Study.